Garden design Education of a gardener

Arts outdoors - five top summer events In Review’Asuccessful garden is one that has a sense of place,” begins Arne Maynard.

I believe him because, in garden design circles, he is God. So even if he scarcely utters a word today, some of the magic from his own creation at the end of a single-track lane near Usk is bound to rub off.

But Maynard, 43, a genial man with a ready smile, runs at full throttle, which surely comes as a relief to we dozen students of the soil paying ï¿¡180 each to learn about “The Main Plant Players - Designing Structure with Plants“.

Maynard’s one and two-day courses, running from March to November, are now in their second year and the venue is his own newly created garden at his 15th-century hall house in Monmouthshire.

Whether you want to design kitchen gardens, build earthworks, mazes and knots or learn how to make the most of topiary, summer perennials and winter woodlands, these educational days feature seasonal themes and well-made lunches.

The garden - a redundant farmyard of grassy banks and orchards with a stream and an ancient track running through it - is a beguiling open-air classroom.

As we stand in the approach to Maynard’s house, which is planted with an emerging tapestry of Angelica sylvestris ‘Vicar’s Mead’ and Geranium phaeum ‘Lily Lovell’, he explains his naturalistic approach to structure: “The garden melts into the landscape so that it roots into its setting.”

Maynard achieves a gentle transition from woods to garden with a 30-year-old topiary beech standing beside the track.

“It’s saying ‘This is the way’, it almost draws you in,” he says, as the track takes us across a bridge over the stream where thistles (Cirsium rivulare ‘Atropurpureum’) grow.

Beech, yew, box and Ilex crenata are among Maynard’s main players, and he clips them into free-flowing topiary. As he wanted his garden to look good quickly, his trees are mature and wildly expensive - the beech was a stupefying ï¿¡4,500 from a specialist nursery in Holland.

“The Dutch and the Belgians have always moved large trees - the secret is to keep moving them and cutting the roots to create a tight root ball. Our culture is different - we like growing from seed and taking cuttings,” he continues.

His planting is robust. “I don’t want a garden that’s too precious,” he says.

“It’s about connecting the landscape with the garden - it will appear completely seamless but will get very intense around the house with a mad jumble of topiary.”

Weaving between huge yews, a swirling contemporary earthwork is planted with a spiral of copper beech at different heights.

At the rear of his house, a boundary fence has blurred into the landscape; more earthworks planted with bush apple trees allow the garden to merge with the pastoral amphitheatre behind, where the line of an old drovers’ road cuts through the middle distance.

After lunch, in the loft of a barn, Maynard discusses design. There is no glass in the wooden mullions. “I so like the connection with outside,” he says, flinging back the shutters.

He explains how he trims, tames, pollards and pleaches, how he half-annihilates an ancient yew hedge to spectacular effect, how he sinks a drive to lose it in the landscape and how he despises parked cars.

We students scribble in notebooks. “Apart from a few trees, my garden is non-existent. I’ve never done anything like this before; I’ve come to listen to one of my gardening heroes,” whispers Louise Brook, who wants to transform her garden in Italy.

Emma Mills from West Sussex, also intends to try what she has picked up on the course.

“What attracted me to Arne is his idea that you bring the landscape into the garden and look to nature for inspiration. I like his holistic approach,” she says.

Archie Scott from Whitchurch concurs: “I’m a professional gardener specialising in hard landscaping but on a smaller scale - a day like this is where I get new ideas.”

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Saturday, May 31st, 2008

Knot gardens A lifetime of pleasure

Designing and creating a formal knot garden is a challenge, but, once planted, it will provide continous pleasure, says John CushnieGardening picture galleriesAsk the Expert homepageA well-designed knot garden is often one of the most interesting features in a garden, and it retains that effect all year. This is a planting project where it is a good idea to put pencil to paper before you start. Strongest link: Chain-link pattern at Titsey Place, Oxted, Surrey A cunning planThe idea is to form an intricate design using a continuous hedge of evergreens that, with clipping, remain compact. The areas within the lines are planted or gravelled to produce a colourful pattern. A knot garden is best appreciated from above. The upper windows of a two-storey dwelling provide a wonderful viewing platform. If you live in a bungalow, site the knot garden at the lowest part of your plot to allow the overall design to be seen.Measure the space available. It can be any shape, but a knot garden in a long, narrow plot will lose impact. Where there is space, go for a square or rectangular area of ground. Make a scale drawing on a sheet of A4. Using a scale of 1:100, the sheet will accommodate an area of 28m x 20m (92ft x 66ft).Draw the design in pencil and keep an eraser handy. A pencil mark represents a line of plants that will grow to at least 20-30cm (8-12in) wide. If the pattern is intricate, full of weaving lines, the individual compartments created will be too small to be worth planting.Don’t be too ambitious, as the cost in plants will be relative to the length of the line you draw. A good design weaves a pattern in a continuous line but has no ends.Where to startSoil type is not crucial, but avoid heavy, wet ground, which is more prone to fungal diseases that kill woody plants. Light, sandy soils require watering during dry periods.Select a level site free from perennial weeds. Dig it over, breaking up lumps of soil and removing debris and weed roots. Mark the design on the ground using spray paint or a flexible hosepipe. Stand back and check that it looks balanced and makes the best use of the space. When you are satisfied with the pattern, dig a continuous trench 20cm x 20cm (8in x 8in) for bare-root plants, slightly larger for container-grown, and spread a layer of well-rotted farmyard manure in the bottom.Best hedging plantsThe traditional hedging plant for knot gardens is box (Buxus sempervirens). The green-leafed variety ‘Suffruticosa’ is compact and withstands constant clipping. The dwarf Escallonia ‘Red Dream’, with attractive bright-red summer flowers and small mid-green leaves, also works well and can be maintained at 30cm (12in) high. Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’, evergreen with bright green leaves and white margins, is another good choice. The plants should be set close together, with most species no more than 22-25cm (9-10in) apart - four plants per linear metre.Knot maintenanceBox needs clipping at least four times in the growing season, using power clippers or hand shears. Lay a sheet of hessian or polythene on either side of the hedge to collect the clippings. Use a soft brush to remove cut shoots from the top of the hedge. Where two rows meet, clip one line to slope 5cm (2in) lower than the other at the intersection. This makes it appear that one hedge passes under the other. Snails love hiding in box hedges, emerging at night to forage - so don’t infill the knot with tasty treats like hostas.Planting tipsBox is sold in winter as bare-rooted plants and these transplant easily. Plant at the same depth as previously grown. Keep the line of plants evenly spaced and follow the design. Wider spacings mean that fewer plants will be required, but it will take longer for the line to fill in and look finished.Firm the plants and water to settle the soil around the roots. Plant or pot up a few surplus plants to fill any gaps caused by death, disease or accident. Clip the reserve plants at the same time as the knot.The compartments within the knot are traditionally planted with colourful annual bedding in spring and autumn. Ground-covering plants such as bugle, periwinkle or heathers will provide interest and colour at various times throughout the year.Alternatively, use different grades and colours of gravel in each pocket. Lay weed-proof membrane and cover with a 5cm (2in) deep layer of gravel.

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Thursday, March 6th, 2008

A Pennsylvania Festival That Offers Folklore, Food and Fun

(NAPS)-What’s considered the premier folklife festival in the U.S. will welcome visitors once again this summer. The 58th annual celebration of everything Pennsylvania Dutch, the Kutztown Festival, will take place from June 28th thru July 6th, 2008. As in year’s past, this year’s festival features folk art exhibits, crafts, quilts, antiques, collectibles, entertainment, food and family fun.

A favorite first stop for many visitors is the festival’s quilt barn, where more than 1,400 locally made quilts and wall hangings are displayed and can be purchased.

On the second Saturday of the festival, the 24 quilts judged to be the best of the show will be auctioned off in an event that draws collectors form the world over.

Every day of the festival will offer demonstrations of traditional crafts by 200 of America’s most respected folk artists and craftsmen. The demonstrations will include pottery making, woodcarving and weaving.

Among the craftsmen returning to the 2008 festival are Ivan Hoyt, Eric Claypoole and Bill Schuster-American’s last remaining hex sign painters. Examples of this rare art can be seen on many of the barns on the farms in the Kutztown area.

Festival-goers can feast on the complete range of Pennsylvania Dutch delicacies-from roast ox to chicken dinners, from funnel cakes, to shoofly pie to hot waffles and ice cream sundaes. Authentic meals prepared by local cooks, from recipes handed down for generations, will be prepared in the festival’s summer kitchen and served country style each day.

Declaring that this year’s festival has put an even greater emphasis on family-oriented events, Festival Director Dave Fooks said, “There is truly something for everyone, and this year there will be more for our guests to enjoy than ever before.”

For example, five stages of entertainment will run continuously, featuring Pennsylvania Dutch folk music and dancing, Mennonite hymn singing and folklore presentations.

Children 12 and under are admitted free with an adult and can visit the farmyard puppet theatre, petting zoo, hay maze and the last mule-powered flying swing in America.

This year, in addition to the festival’s traditional 4th of July parade, there will be band concerts featuring patriotic music and other events.

Located just east of Philadelphia, Kutztown, Pennsylvania is easily accessible from PA Rout 222.

To learn more, visit the Website at www.kutztownfestival.com

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Thursday, February 21st, 2008

Buzz words: Pig farming

hen Jonathan approached the RHS to see if Harlow Carr would play host to the three millionth tree, an afternoon spent hunkered over tea and Fat Rascals ended with our ambitions being far greater. Rather than just one tree, we would create a whole wood to mark the economic, aesthetic and cultural importance of trees in the past, and also to explain how they might help us now and in the future by providing sustainable materials, absorbing carbon, producing oxygen and sheltering wildlife.

And to start as we meant to go on, we decided the only way to clear the land in readiness for the planting was to do it the traditional way, without chemicals or machinery, and use pigs.

As straightforward as this may sound, it proved far more complex than one might imagine, and we eventually met Nigel Launder, a farmer turned stunt livestock supplier to television productions set in the north. (He also helps to “dress” the sets to give them an authentic farmyard feel - steaming piles of muck are created with damp compost, for example.)

So our four ladies got to work grubbing out the roots of pernicious weeds. Soon they were named after the four RHS gardens; Whizzer (Wisley), Rosie (Rosemoor), Heidi (Hyde Hall) and Harley (Harlow Carr).

Five months on and they have proved to be a real hit with our visitors and mighty effective at ground clearance too, turning over the soil with their bulldozer-like snouts.

In fact, they have exceeded all expectations, clearing an area the size of four tennis courts, and bringing out my inner Giles. But don’t come to see them until springtime; they are taking a break to star in a film about a serial killer who fed his victims to his hogs. At this they should excel: Whizzer recently tried to take a chunk out of my foot, and was prevented only by my steel-toecap boots.

Matthew Wilson is curator of RHS Harlow Carr.

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Monday, January 28th, 2008

Buzz words: Pig farming

hen Jonathan approached the RHS to see if Harlow Carr would play host to the three millionth tree, an afternoon spent hunkered over tea and Fat Rascals ended with our ambitions being far greater. Rather than just one tree, we would create a whole wood to mark the economic, aesthetic and cultural importance of trees in the past, and also to explain how they might help us now and in the future by providing sustainable materials, absorbing carbon, producing oxygen and sheltering wildlife.

And to start as we meant to go on, we decided the only way to clear the land in readiness for the planting was to do it the traditional way, without chemicals or machinery, and use pigs.

As straightforward as this may sound, it proved far more complex than one might imagine, and we eventually met Nigel Launder, a farmer turned stunt livestock supplier to television productions set in the north. (He also helps to “dress” the sets to give them an authentic farmyard feel - steaming piles of muck are created with damp compost, for example.)

So our four ladies got to work grubbing out the roots of pernicious weeds. Soon they were named after the four RHS gardens; Whizzer (Wisley), Rosie (Rosemoor), Heidi (Hyde Hall) and Harley (Harlow Carr).

Five months on and they have proved to be a real hit with our visitors and mighty effective at ground clearance too, turning over the soil with their bulldozer-like snouts.

In fact, they have exceeded all expectations, clearing an area the size of four tennis courts, and bringing out my inner Giles. But don’t come to see them until springtime; they are taking a break to star in a film about a serial killer who fed his victims to his hogs. At this they should excel: Whizzer recently tried to take a chunk out of my foot, and was prevented only by my steel-toecap boots.

Matthew Wilson is curator of RHS Harlow Carr.

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Monday, January 28th, 2008

Buzz words: Pig farming

hen Jonathan approached the RHS to see if Harlow Carr would play host to the three millionth tree, an afternoon spent hunkered over tea and Fat Rascals ended with our ambitions being far greater. Rather than just one tree, we would create a whole wood to mark the economic, aesthetic and cultural importance of trees in the past, and also to explain how they might help us now and in the future by providing sustainable materials, absorbing carbon, producing oxygen and sheltering wildlife.

And to start as we meant to go on, we decided the only way to clear the land in readiness for the planting was to do it the traditional way, without chemicals or machinery, and use pigs.

As straightforward as this may sound, it proved far more complex than one might imagine, and we eventually met Nigel Launder, a farmer turned stunt livestock supplier to television productions set in the north. (He also helps to “dress” the sets to give them an authentic farmyard feel - steaming piles of muck are created with damp compost, for example.)

So our four ladies got to work grubbing out the roots of pernicious weeds. Soon they were named after the four RHS gardens; Whizzer (Wisley), Rosie (Rosemoor), Heidi (Hyde Hall) and Harley (Harlow Carr).

Five months on and they have proved to be a real hit with our visitors and mighty effective at ground clearance too, turning over the soil with their bulldozer-like snouts.

In fact, they have exceeded all expectations, clearing an area the size of four tennis courts, and bringing out my inner Giles. But don’t come to see them until springtime; they are taking a break to star in a film about a serial killer who fed his victims to his hogs. At this they should excel: Whizzer recently tried to take a chunk out of my foot, and was prevented only by my steel-toecap boots.

Matthew Wilson is curator of RHS Harlow Carr.

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Friday, January 25th, 2008

Buzz words: Pig farming

hen Jonathan approached the RHS to see if Harlow Carr would play host to the three millionth tree, an afternoon spent hunkered over tea and Fat Rascals ended with our ambitions being far greater. Rather than just one tree, we would create a whole wood to mark the economic, aesthetic and cultural importance of trees in the past, and also to explain how they might help us now and in the future by providing sustainable materials, absorbing carbon, producing oxygen and sheltering wildlife.

And to start as we meant to go on, we decided the only way to clear the land in readiness for the planting was to do it the traditional way, without chemicals or machinery, and use pigs.

As straightforward as this may sound, it proved far more complex than one might imagine, and we eventually met Nigel Launder, a farmer turned stunt livestock supplier to television productions set in the north. (He also helps to “dress” the sets to give them an authentic farmyard feel - steaming piles of muck are created with damp compost, for example.)

So our four ladies got to work grubbing out the roots of pernicious weeds. Soon they were named after the four RHS gardens; Whizzer (Wisley), Rosie (Rosemoor), Heidi (Hyde Hall) and Harley (Harlow Carr).

Five months on and they have proved to be a real hit with our visitors and mighty effective at ground clearance too, turning over the soil with their bulldozer-like snouts.

In fact, they have exceeded all expectations, clearing an area the size of four tennis courts, and bringing out my inner Giles. But don’t come to see them until springtime; they are taking a break to star in a film about a serial killer who fed his victims to his hogs. At this they should excel: Whizzer recently tried to take a chunk out of my foot, and was prevented only by my steel-toecap boots.

Matthew Wilson is curator of RHS Harlow Carr.

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Friday, January 25th, 2008